Ak4 regulates mitochondrial DNA synthesis to control macrophage antibacterial activity, research finds

A mitochondrial enzyme, Ak4, strengthens immune defense by promoting mitochondrial DNA synthesis and enhancing macrophage antibacterial activity. When bacteria invade the body, macrophages serve as frontline defenders, rapidly eliminating pathogens to protect tissue integrity. One of their key weapons is mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). However, how macrophages enhance this antibacterial function has remained poorly understood.