Millennials might not be doing as badly saving for retirement as everyone says
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- Millennials are known for their trouble saving, but some, at least, are holding onto six-figure retirement accounts.
- The secret to their high balances is consistency: steadily saving over a long period of time.
- To adopt their good habits, automate your savings, and rein in overspending.
If you've read the latest headlines, you know millennials get a mixed financial rap.
Some reports say they're throwing their money away on avocado toast and dining out, while others claim they're killing the earnings of restaurant chains by cooking at home more.
Whatever you believe about their financial habits, some millennials at least are sitting on six-figure retirement accounts. In a Fidelity Investments analysis of 59,000 millennials — those born between 1981 and 1997 — who have participated in their company's 401(k) plan for 10 years, the average balance was $109,400 at the end of June 2017.
This isn't thanks to rich parents. These savers can't all work in investment banking. And odds are that at least some have student loan balances. Rather, the common thread — and secret to a fat 401(k) — is consistency.
Regular contributions add up
If you steadily save a reasonable portion of your income over a long period of time, you're going to end up with a pile of money.
"Saving slowly and methodically while keeping expenses low will generally get you where you need to go," says Timothy J. LaPean, a certified financial planner in Minneapolis. "You don't need to shoot for the sky. All you need is a long series of incremental wins."
The millennials in Fidelity's analysis aren't super savers. Less than a third have a total savings rate — which includes their contributions, plus company matching dollars — of 15% of their income or more.
Financial planners commonly use that 15% figure as a retirement savings goal. That means more than two-thirds of these millennials aren't saving "enough" by most standards — or even close to it. The average contribution rate for the group, not including an employer match, is 7.5%.
Make it automatic
Millennial thousandaires have also been helped along by one of the 401(k)'s best features: automatic salary deferrals, in which contributions are pulled directly from their paychecks. (In many cases, employers also opt new hires into the company's 401(k) plan by default.)
"Human beings on the whole are not built to be good at saving, and the best approach is one where you never really see the money in the first place," LaPean says, noting that many employers let you mimic that automation by dividing your check among two or more accounts, including an individual retirement account.
That's a good option if you don't have a 401(k) or you're already contributing enough to earn your plan's employer match. As for where to send that money, you can contribute up to $5,500 each year to a Roth or traditional IRA. If you freelance or have a side gig, a SEP IRA is specifically for self-employed workers and may allow you to save more than that. You can contribute to a SEP IRA even if you're also a W-2 employee, says Sarah Hodge, a certified financial planner in Boston.
Take some help from the market
The millennials in Fidelity's analysis saw nearly a 32% compound annual growth rate, the average amount the account grew each year, over the 10-year period reviewed. Fidelity says about 60% of that was thanks to their own actions — those consistent contributions — and the rest due to market returns.
Those returns come from regularly investing in the market, whether through a 401(k) or other means, and then staying invested despite periods of volatility. But research has shown millennials tend to be wary of the stock market. According to a Legg Mason survey from earlier this year, 85% of millennials say they're "somewhat or very conservative" when investing.
If you're not sure how to invest or how much risk you can tolerate, consider using an automated investment manager or putting your retirement savings into a target-date fund. Both will allocate your money according to your age and expected retirement date. Some companies also provide employees with retirement planning guidance.
Overspending leads to undersaving
"The first step toward saving enough for retirement is to look at your recurring expenses," LaPean says. "Can they be lower? Are you spending on anything that is both nonessential and unlikely to improve your long-term joy?"
One month of too-high expenses might not make or break you; a pattern of overspending very well could. High expenses, LaPean notes, make it harder to save and drive up the amount of money you need to save, because you'll likely want to maintain that standard of living in retirement. Keeping costs down means you'll need less money for retirement and your budget will have some breathing room to meet your goals.