Օրվա Հրաշք լուրը․․Բրավո Աննա Հակոբյան ջան

«Իմ քայլը» հիմնադրամի ֆեյսբուքյան էջում հայտնում են, որ Մեծ Պարնի գյուղի նորակառույց մանկապարտեզը այսուհետ կարող է գործել, որովհետեւ պատրաստ է ամբողջ մանկապարտեզի գույքը՝ սեղաններ, պահարաններ, մահճակալներ: Աննա Հակոբյանի ղեկավարած հիմնադրամը խոստանում է նաեւ գարնանը այնտեղ խաղահրապարակ կառուցել. «Այս օրն ուզում ենք եզրափակել բարի լուրով. Հիշո՞ւմ եք՝ Մեծ Պարնի գյուղի նորակառույց մանկապարտեզը կահավորման կարիք ուներ: Հոկտեմբերի 30-ին մենք կոչ էինք ուղղել միանալու մեզ՝ Մեծ Պարնիի մանուկներին նվիրելով ժամանակակից կահույք: «Պրոֆալ», «Վեբբ Ֆոնտեն» ընկերությունները, Focus on Children Now կազմակերպությունն արձագանքել էին անմիջապես: Եվ այսօր մանկապարտեզն արդեն ունի 60 երեխայի հաշվով մահճակալներ, սեղաններ, պահարաններ եւ խոհանոցի աշխատանքային սեղան ու դարակներ: Շնորհակալ ենք Միասին դեռ շատ լավ գործեր ենք անելու»,-ասվում է հիմնադրամի էջում:

Աղբյուրը՝

The Duke of Alba ruthlessly attempted to suppress the Protestant movement in the Netherlands. Netherlanders were “burned, strangled, beheaded, or buried alive” by his “Blood Council” and his Spanish soldiers. Severed heads and decapitated corpses being displayed along streets and roads to terrorise into submission. Alba boasted of having executed 18,600,[54] but this figure does not include those who perished by war and famine.

The first great siege was Alba’s effort to capture Haarlem and thereby cut Holland in half. It dragged on from December 1572 to the next summer, when Haarlemers finally surrendered on July 13 upon promise that the city would be sparred a sack. It was a stipulation Don Fadrique was unable to honor, when his soldiers mutinied, angered over pay owed and the miserable conditions they endured during the long, cold months of the campaign.[55] On November 4, 1576, Spanish tercios seized Antwerp and subjected it to the worse pillage in Netherlands history. The citizens resisted, but were overcome; seven thousand of them were mowed down; a thousand buildings were torched; men, women, and children were slaughtered in a delirium of blood by soldiers crying, «Santiago! España! A sangre, a carne, a fuego, a sacco!» (Saint James! Spain! To blood, to the flesh, to fire, to sack!)[56]

Following the sack of Antwerp, delegates from Catholic Brabant and Protestant Holland and Zeeland agreed, at Ghent, to join Utrecht and William the Silent in driving out all Spanish troops and forming a new government for the Netherlands. Don Juan of Austria, the new Spanish governor, was forced to concede initially, but within months returned to active hostilities. As the fighting restarted, the Dutch began to look for help from the Queen of England, but she initially stood by her commitments to the Spanish in the Treaty of Bristol of 1574. The result was that when the next large-scale battle did occur at Gembloux in 1578, the Spanish forces easily won the day, killing at least 10,000 rebels, with the Spanish suffering few losses.[57] In light of the defeat at Gembloux, the southern states of the Seventeen Provinces (today in northern France and Belgium) distanced themselves from the rebels in the north with the 1579 Union of Arras, which expressed their loyalty to Philip II of Spain. Opposing them, the northern half of the Seventeen Provinces forged the Union of Utrecht (also of 1579) in which they committed to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army.[58] The Union of Utrecht is seen as the foundation of the modern Netherlands.

Spanish troops sacked Maastricht in 1579, killing over 10,000 civilians and thereby ensuring the rebellion continued.[59] In 1581, the northern provinces adopted the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence in which the provinces officially deposed Philip II as reigning monarch in the northern provinces.[60] Against the rebels Philip could draw on the resources of Spain, Spanish America, Spanish Italy and the Spanish Netherlands. The Protestant Queen Elizabeth I of England sympathised with the Dutch struggle against the Spanish, and sent an army of 7,600 soldiers to aid the Dutch in their war with the Catholic Spanish.[61] The war continued until 1648, when Spain under King Philip IV finally recognised the independence of the seven north-western provinces in the Peace of Münster. Parts of the southern provinces became de facto colonies of the new republican-mercantile empire.

Similar to Giraffatitan, the neck of the occipital condyle was very long. The premaxilla appears to have been longer than that of Camarasaurus, sloping more gradually toward the nasal bar, which created the very long snout. Brachiosaurus had a long and deep maxilla (the main bone of the upper jaw), which was thick along the margin where the alveoli (tooth sockets) were placed, thinning upward. The interdental plates of the maxilla were thin, fused, porous, and triangular. There were triangular nutrient foramina between the plates, each containing the tip of an erupting tooth. The narial fossa (depression) in front of the bony nostril was long and contained a subnarial fenestra, which was much larger than those of Giraffatitan and Camarasaurus. The dentaries (the bones of the lower jaws that contained the teeth) were robust, though less than in Camarasaurus. The upper margin of the dentary was arched in profile, but not as much as in Camarasaurus. The interdental plates of the dentary were somewhat oval, with diamond shaped openings between them. The dentary had a Meckelian groove that was open until below the ninth alveolus, continuing thereafter as a shallow trough.[21]

Each maxilla had space for about 14 or 15 teeth, whereas Giraffatitan had 11 and Camarasaurus 8 to 10. The maxillae contained replacement teeth that had rugose enamel, similar to Camarasaurus, but lacked the small denticles (serrations) along the edges. Since the maxilla was wider than that of Camarasaurus, Brachiosaurus would have had larger teeth. The replacement teeth in the premaxilla had crinkled enamel, and the most complete of these teeth did not have denticles. Each dentary had space for about 14 teeth. The only well preserved tooth of this skull is large, spoon-shaped, and may be from the front part of the left dentary. It differs from those of Giraffatitan in that the crown is much wider than the root, similar to Camarasaurus. That the tooth is not worn implies that it had erupted around the time the animal died. The outer and inner sides of the tooth were crenelated (had indented vertical grooves); the crenelations of one side met with those of the other side at the top of the tooth, where they formed denticles. The maxillary tooth rows of Brachiosaurus and Giraffatitan ended well in front of the antorbital fenestra (the opening in front of the orbit), whereas they ended just in front of and below the fenestra in Camarasaurus an